The following covariates were examined: age, ECOG PS, tumour stage, Thoenes grade, histological subtype, treatment with perioperative immunomodulation (yes vs no), leucocytes, CD3, CD4, CD6, CD8, CD16, CD25, CD28, CD56, CD57, CD69, IL-1-RA, IL-2, sIL2-R, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, and VEGF at different time points. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.