Interestingly, Stuber et al. [15] demonstrated in patients with ALI that a higher tidal volume ventilation strategy (12 ml/kg, PEEP of 5 cm H2O) for only six hours was associated with a significant increase in plasma IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-1ra compared with the initial low tidal volume strategy (6 ml/kg, PEEP of 15 cm H2O) and also that restoration of the low tidal volume strategy resulted in a decrease of the biomarker levels back to baseline. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.