CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In HMW-APM-treated cells CCL2 secreted from control monocytes was 1,919 pg/ml (range 704–7,387) (p = 0.007 vs unstimulated cells) and from T1D 992 pg/ml (range 191–4,643) (p = 0.08 vs unstimulated cells) (Figure 2B).