Although COX-2 has been associated with increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF), estrogen synthesis, proliferation, apoptosis and invasion [25,27,36], in our study, higher levels of COX-2 were not accompanied by changes in the expression of genes involved in these processes, indicating that the observed molecular alterations influence data interpretation but not tumor aggressiveness. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.