PDPN and renal cell carcinoma: In light of the above issues, we carried out immunohistochemical studies with anti-D2-40 to elucidate the lymphatics in relation to the overall anatomical structure of the normal human kidney and in various pathological conditions, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), end-stage kidney from haemodialysis patients, cortical infarction, acute tubular necrosis and hydronephrosis.