Assuming that the activity of 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of p27 gene is up-regulated by translational rather than transcriptional mechanisms, further experiments were conducted, using -575 p27 (p27-5'UTR) and various putative inhibitors of signaling pathways, to gain some insight into the basic mechanisms of how various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents could transmit their signals to activate translation initiation of p27 mRNA. The gene discussed is CDKN1B; the disease is cancer.