Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine (CpG) dinucleotides (CpG ODN) mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA recognised by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are potent adjuvants utilised in cancer therapy (Jahrsdorfer et al, 2005). The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is cancer.