TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: A significant inhibition was observed upon co-incubation with 10-5 M EPI or NE in HDs and 10-5 M EPI in patients with RA at 48 hours (baseline levels of TNF-α: HDs 3,524 ± 554 pg/ml; patients with RA 2,087 ± 432 pg/ml; p = 0.065) (Figure 2c,d).