VIM and rheumatoid arthritis: Previous studies reported anti-CCP antibodies in 47%–63% of patients with recent-onset RA, whereas anti-citrullinated vimentin antibodies have been reported in only one fifth of RA patients with early disease by immunoblotting [13,15], thus indicating a superior performance of the anti-MCV ELISA in this early-disease group compared with the immunoblotting technique [8,9,26,32].