We have previously shown that CD16 (FcγRIIIA)-expressing monocytes and ST macrophages with high expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 may be induced by IL-10 and M-CSF and that their TNF-α production could be stimulated by endogenous ligands such as Hsp 60 and immune complexes in RA joints [22,23]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.