Among five previous epidemiological studies that examined the effect of alcohol consumption according to ER/PR status among young women [19,36] or premenopausal women [12,22,37], two found a 10 to 38% increase in risk of ER+PR+ cancer, which was not statistically significant, for women at the highest category of alcohol consumption versus women who had never drunk alcohol [22,37]; one found an increase in risk of the ER+PR- subtype [36]; and another found a non-statistically significant increase in risk of both ER+PR+ and ER- PR- receptor subtypes [19]. Here, ESR1 is linked to cancer.