Three [12,20,22] of four previous studies also found no association between OC use and ER+PR+ or ER-PR- breast cancer among young [19,20] or premenopausal women [12,22]; the only inconsistent study found a marginally statistically significant increased risk of ER- PR- cancer among women who had ever used oral contraceptives [19]. Here, PGR is linked to breast carcinoma.