Our high-throughput miRNA expression profiling approach was ultimately applied to test the ability of differentially expressed miRNAs to distinguish malignant from non-malignant prostate cancer samples, and to blindly classify breast cancers in accordance with their clinically defined ErbB2 and ER status as well as potentially identify miRNA signatures associated with ErbB2 and ER phenotypes. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and prostate cancer.