DDC and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: At that time, both were negative for all ten of the autoantibodies most commonly associated with APS1 [23]; only in their next samples (∼5 y later) did we detect any of these (and then only against 21-hydroxylase [in both brothers] and against aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase [in the elder]; E. Husebye, unpublished data).