It is tempting to look in the thymus for links between APS1 and thymomas; our evidence of autoimmunisation in these tumours [20,21] implies that expression of peripheral self-antigens there is “dangerous”, possibly because of pro-inflammatory signals from dying cells [57] or natural killer cells [58] that could activate DCs and invoke innate as well as adaptive responses. This evidence concerns the gene AIRE and neoplasm.