These findings raise numerous questions about this anti-IFN response in APS1 patients that we now address; they concern its kinetics, its specificity for different IFN-α subtypes, other IFNs, and other cytokines, its specificity for APS1 versus its component diseases, its correlation with the various AIRE genotypes, and the mechanisms of autoimmunisation. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.