VEGFC and neoplasm: Several previous studies of NSCLC demonstrated that VEGF-C is expressed in tumour cells (Kajita et al, 2001; Arinaga et al, 2003; Ogawa et al, 2004) and stromal macrophages (Arinaga et al, 2003; Ogawa et al, 2004), and that VEGFR-3 was observed in the cytoplasm of tumour cells (Kajita et al, 2001; Arinaga et al, 2003), lymphatic vessels (Niki et al, 2000; Kajita et al, 2001) and macrophages (Arinaga et al, 2003) using immunohistochemical methods.