VEGF-induced neuroprotective signaling via VEGFR-2, NRP1 and the two above-mentioned signaling cascades was shown in hypoxic and glucose-deprived hippocampal neuron × neuroblastoma (HN33) hybrid cells [11], in rat primary hippocampal neurons that had been exposed to glutamate [12], and in hypoxic murine primary cortical neurons [13]. Here, NRP1 is linked to neuroblastoma.