ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Adipose tissue is “inflamed” in obesity, with decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin and increased secretion of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and prothrombotic factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) [9].