The IRGs upregulated at both time points contained 11 in vivo IRGs reported previously by us [16], including IFIT1 (IFI56), ISG15 (G1P2), IFIT4 (IFI60), IFI27, G1P3 (IFI6-16), IRF7, ABCB2 (TAP1), ATF3, IFITM1 (IFI17), SULT1C1, and TNFAIP6, whose expression was elevated in T cells and non-T cells ex vivo, isolated from 13 RRMS patients during IFNβ treatment for 3 to 6 months. The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.