Recent microarray analysis of ALK+ and ALK– anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (including primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma) has shown ALK+ compared with ALK– anaplastic large-cell lymphoma over-expresses genes encoding signal transduction molecules (SYK, LYN, CDC37) and underexpresses transcription factor genes (including HOXC6 and HOX A3).145 Both groups highly expressed kinase genes (LCK, protein kinase C, vav2 and NKIAMRE) and anti-apoptotic molecules, suggesting overlap in pathogenesis; a comparison with peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified was not performed in this study. This evidence concerns the gene VAV2 and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.