IFN-γ also enhances natural cell activity and can inhibit tumor cell proliferation directly by a variety of mechanisms[41] An in vitro study has suggested that IFN-γ plus IL-4 can induce maturation of myeloid DCs to a predominantly CD11C+ phenotype after GM-CSF administration[42] We did not observe statistically significant alterations in DC numbers or maturation. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.