If the borderline staining group were combined with the negative staining group (i.e. using a 5% cutoff of the carcinoma cells stained), a significant association between staining for AGR2 and patient demise was also observed (log rank test, P=0.01; Wilcoxon test, χ2=6.2, 1 d.f., P=0.01) with an unadjusted HR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.2). This evidence concerns the gene AGR2 and carcinoma.