Compared to diluent-treated controls, the treatment group receiving CCL19 had a significant increase in type 1 cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN-γ) and antiangiogenic chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10) and a decrease in the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β at the tumour sites. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.