The second explanation, that is, COX-2-mediated upregulation of VEGF-C has been validated in the present study using breast cancer cell lines and was also reported with cell lines derived from non-small cell lung cancer (Su et al, 2004) as well as oesophageal adenocarcinoma (von Rahden et al, 2005). The gene discussed is VEGFC; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.