CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: CCL2 is constitutively secreted by non-stimulated monocytes and was 543 pg/ml (range 369–1,693) in controls and 461 pg/ml (range 202–1,604) in monocytes from T1D patients (Figure 1B) and therefore is similar in unstimulated monocytes isolated from controls or T1D patients.