Insulin secretion from β-cells or insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of type-2 diabetes.14,15 Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes mellitus by impairing insulin secretion or increasing insulin resistance.16-19 Therefore, antioxidant micronutrients, such as vitamins or carotenoids, would be expected to protect against the development of diabetes mellitus. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.