As an example, if we had solely considered the distribution of the negative prognosticators CD38 or ZAP-70 [8,11,14-16,24,28,67-71] in the three B-CLL risk groups identified by applying this novel scoring system [17,22]., almost one/third of patients would have been misclassified regarding their prognosis. Here, CD38 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.