A striking observation was that 21/22 patients with ILD in association with an anti-tRNA synthetase possessed at least one copy of HLA-DRB1*03-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (haplotype frequency 52.3% disease versus 16.5% controls, OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.6–11.6, pcorr = 1 × 10-05). The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is interstitial lung disease.