Infection of neutrophils and HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophil-like cells produces striking quantities of CXC and CC chemokines, including IL-8, RANTES, MIP1α, MIP1β, and MCP-1, but not IFNγ, IL-10, TNFα, IL-1β, or IL-4 (32), suggesting that A. phagocytophilum infection partially activates neutrophils. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.