Dahan et al. (2003) found that QDs conjugated with glycine receptor (GlyR1) ligands exhibited specificity for endogenous GlyR1 subunits on cultured spinal neurons. Last, prostate-specific membrane antigen–conjugated QDs specifically targeted prostate tumors in mice (Gao et al. 2004), and QDs complexed with a viral (SV40) nuclear localization signal peptide were observed to readily enter the nuclear compartment of human HeLa cells (Chen and Gerion 2004). The gene discussed is GLYR1; the disease is prostate neoplasm.