TGFB1 and cancer: Genistein has multiple biologic actions, some of which may contribute to its cancer prevention activity: (1) inhibition of hormone-dependent and -independent cancer cell proliferation, antiapoptotic signalling (NF-κB and c-Akt), toposomerase IIα activity, tyrosine kinase activity, and angiogenesis; and (2) stimulation of TGF-β signal transduction, p53 and Chk2 kinase activity, antioxidant activity, and differentiation (Castle and Thrasher, 2002; Sarkar and Li, 2002).