In gynaecological malignancies, prior studies at our laboratory demonstrated that angiotensin II stimulated in vitro cell proliferation, invasion, or VEGF secretion via AT1R in cervical cancer (Kikkawa et al, 2004; Suganuma et al, 2004), endometrial cancer (Watanabe et al, 2003) and choriocarcinoma (Ino et al, 2003). The gene discussed is AGTR1; the disease is cervical carcinoma.