In vivo, MMP-1 expression has been demonstrated in the stroma of nine of thirty-four breast carcinomas [11] when examined by ISH, localised to stromal constituents during tumour formation [57], and to be upregulated in the stromal component of ductal carcinomas when examined by ISH and IHC [57-59]. The gene discussed is MMP1; the disease is breast ductal adenocarcinoma.