ADH is widely regarded as an unequivocal but nonobligatory precursor of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which in turn is considered to be a relatively committed progenitor of invasive breast cancer (primarily the so-called 'ductal' invasive breast cancers, which account for about 80% of all invasive breast cancers). Here, AVP is linked to ductal breast carcinoma in situ.