We hypothesized that ethnic LD patterns in apoC-III [36–38], as well as distinct susceptibility/resistance alleles for lipid abnormalities [28–30,39], and prior evidence for modification of apoC-III effects by ethnicity [38,40], would result in differences across racial/ethnic stratum in the association of apoC-III and ART with plasma lipids in HIV-1 infection. This evidence concerns the gene APOC3 and HIV-1 infection.