TGFB1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: The urinary TGF-β1 excretion was significantly lower but still higher than normal in patients with crescentic nephritis who showed improvement of renal function with immunosuppressive treatment compared to those who showed no improvement and had either stabilized renal function or end-stage renal disease after treatment (376 ± 84 vs. 930 ± 126 ng/24 h, p < 0.01) (Fig. 3).