Not only is GSK-3β activity implicated in a variety of developmental, cell signaling, and regulatory mechanisms [36], dysfunctional GSK-3β activity is now being explored in Alzheimer's disease [37], non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [38], and in our laboratory, Dupuytren's contracture, a fibroproliferative disease whose molecular pathology is not presently understood. Here, GSK3B is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.