Conversely, in tumours lacking these APC mutations [7], activating missense mutations at one of the phosphorylation sites at codons 31, 33, 37 and 45 of exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene (encoding the β-catenin protein) can render it stable as it can no longer be tagged for cellular degradation. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to neoplasm.