Taken together, these upstream signalling molecules including PI3-K, PDK-1, AKT and mTOR comprise regulatory pathways controlling cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival, which attribute the overall malignancy phenotypes in human cancers (Castedo et al, 2002; Carraway and Hidalgo, 2004; Chan, 2004; Xu et al, 2004; Zhou et al, 2004). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and cancer.