NFKB1 and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: The current observations suggest that in the early stages of prostate tumorigenesis (i.e. in PIN lesions) (Sasaki et al, 2001; Yu et al, 2003), cytoplasmic NF-κB levels increase by as yet unknown mechanisms and nuclear translocation of NF-κB does not occur until invasive cancer develops.