LIF and carcinoma: In carcinoma cell lines, the major trends included a strong STAT3 activation by LIF (ADLC, H125), an increased (ADLC, H23) or decreased STAT3 activation by IL-6 (H125, H324), a decreased ERK activation by EGF (H522), and a treatment-independent, constitutive activation of the ERK pathway (H23).