As majority of NSCLC and SCLC cell lines, that are not responsive to TGF-β-induced growth inhibition, show weak or no expression of TβRII (Hougaard et al, 1999; Osada et al, 2001), restoration of TGF-β signalling through the expression of TβRII may be a potential target for chemotherapeutic intervention. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.