HLA-C and cancer: There are many ways to assess a cancer-specific immune response, including monitoring (1) direct cytotoxicity of effectors, as measured by chromium release assays (see Glossary), (2) cytokine release from effector cells, as assessed by flow cytometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, (3) T cell receptor (TCR) specificities, as assessed by MHC-peptide multimers, (4) clonal composition of the T cell response via CDR (complementarity-determining region) 3 spectratyping, and (5) T cell degranulation via cell surface exposure of cluster designation (CD)107 [9–11].