Weaker effect of HIV-1 on mortality in children <5 y in areas of high malaria transmission specifically, analogous to the comparatively weak effect of HIV-1 on incidence in this group: RR = 1.5 at CD4 >500/μL, RR = 2.0 at CD4 200–499/μL, and RR = 5.0 at CD4 <200/μL. Here, CD4 is linked to malaria.