RELA and cancer: It has been shown that constitutively nuclear and active RelA/p50 dimers can prevent cell death by apoptosis in many cancer cell types after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or TNF-α treatment (Barkett and Gilmore, 1999; Baldwin, 2001) and have also been detected in the nuclei of pancreatic and breast carcinomas (Sovak et al, 1997; Wang et al, 1999).