In our present study of more advanced primary tumours, there was no significant association between ID1 or ETS-1 expression and p16 status, indicating that these regulatory pathways might not be central for p16 inactivation in these particular tumours, and other mechanisms are likely to be involved at different stages of melanoma progression (Hara et al, 1996) (Bartek-Cancer res-96). Here, ID1 is linked to melanoma.