Cumulatively, the chemopreventive activities of CystC will antagonize cancer cell responses to TGF-β by inhibiting TGF-β binding [12] and by reducing TGF-β bioavailability within tumor microenvironments, thereby alleviating the stimulation of EMT and tumor metastasis in late-stage tumors by TGF-β. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.