TLR4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The expression of CD14, TLR4 and TLR2 was higher on monocytes compared to AM in non-smokers (A and B), smokers and COPD patients (CD14: 42.92 ± 12.15 vs. 5 ± 1.56; 36.1 ± 15.4 vs. 4.7 ± 1.6 [nonsmoker groups], 32.4 ± 16.2 vs. 4.09 ± 0.69 and 40.8 ± 10.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.53 relative mean fluorescence intensity (rMFI), p < 0.01; TLR4: 10.81 ± 2.88 vs. 5.19 ± 1.58; 8.7 ± 5.2 vs. 5.3 ± 2.1; 12.3 ± 4.6 vs. 4.28 ± 0.7 and 9.2 ± 3.9 vs. 4.62 ± 1.38 rMFI, p < 0.01; TLR2: 29.71 ± 9.01 vs. 13.98 ± 2.54; 24.8 ± 10.6 vs. 12.07 ± 3.5; 32.3 ± 8.4 vs. 6.59 ± 1.42 and 27.3 ± 10.8 vs. 6.08 ± 1.5 rMFI, p < 0.01).