Pikarsky et al. [18] demonstrate this in a mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma, where the inflammatory mediator tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is shown to play an important role as an activator of NF-κB. Greten et al. [19] find similar results in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer. Here, NFKB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.