Using CD4- and CD8-enriched populations of responder cells isolated from 41 women with varying degrees of cervical disease (Table 1), we have investigated the frequency and spectrum of HPV16-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, using ELISPOT assays of IFN-γ release, to HPV16 E4, E6, E7, L1 and L2. Here, IFNG is linked to cervicitis.