IAPP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Angiotensin II (also induces protein kinase C – β isoform)Amylin (hyperamylinemia) islet amyloid polypeptide toxicityAGEs/AFEs (advanced glycosylation/fructosylation endproducts)Apolipoprotein BAntioxidant reserve compromisedAbsence of antioxidant networkAgingADMA (Asymmetrical DiMethyl Arginine)Adipose toxicity: Obesity toxicity – Lipid Triad (decreased HDL-C, increased triglycerides and small dense LDL-C)Adipocytokine toxicity: Increased TNF alpha, Il-6, TGF beta, PAI-I and the increased hormones resistin, leptin and decreased adiponectin.