INS and acanthosis nigricans: They considered children to have probable type 2 diabetes if their weight-for-age was ≥ 85th percentile, acanthosis nigricans was noted, serum C-peptide or insulin was high within one year of diagnosis, there was a family history of type 2 diabetes, oral hypoglycemic agents with or without insulin were used at follow-up more than one year after diagnosis, or there was no current pharmacological treatment one year after diagnosis.